© 2012 fbmicoss.com. All rights Reserved  P.IVA /C.F. IT 03522610157  Capitale sociale 10.000,00 I.V.  The scope of clamp on panels is to supply a heating of cooling source to existing vessels without additional welding on the vessel pressure parts. This solution is especially interesting when the vessel is already in service because the application of the clamp on panels do not require any welding, new official or statutory inspection or post weld heat treatment. The clamp on panel consist of two thin stainless steel or carbon steel plates welded together to obtain a gap in between the plates for the circulation of the fluid or steam for heating or cooling and containment of pressure . The thickness, shape and air gap depends on the service medium used inside the air gap and design requirements. There are two different types of heat/cool transfer panels that FBM ICOSS fabricate. FBM Icoss model “I” consists of a flat plain joined by electric resistance welding or arc welded to a dimpled or embossed plate. FBM ICOSS model “G” panel is constructed by welding two flat metal sheets by electric resistance spot welding and dimpled or embossed form achieved by using hydraulic pressure after welding. It is possible to apply the clamp on panels on any type of surface such as flat, cylindrical, conical, spherical, etc. A few clamp on panels could cover large area on flat and cylindrical surfaces while cones and dished heads including spherical heads might require a greater number of panels to cover a larger area. It is easy to obtain free space for nozzles, and other openings as brackets and supports, by using large, small or special shape panels. CLAMP ON PANELS The heat transfer cement is usually adopted with FBM ICOSS clamp on panels in order to increase the thermal conductivity in heating or  cooling. During the assembly of panels, it is better to have the heat transfer cement at temperature between 10-15 C . Afterwards apply a layer  of cement on the panel taking care to fill each panel’s cavities and gaps, in order to optimise the heat transfer. The application of the heat  transfer cement can be made with spatula or by hand using appropriate gloves.  In order to obtain a good heating/cooling transfer efficiency, it is very important to have good contact with the surface of the vessel or  part to which the panel is to be applied, moreover, depending on the vessel material and shape, different mechanical methods or devices  can be used. It is to be noted that sometimes the easiest and best solution requires additional welds on vessels.  Theoretically it is always possible to avoid welding on the pressure vessel by using stay bolts, clips, links, etc.. but this might be more  costly and may affect the performance. Adequate expansion loops are foreseen to compensate thermal expansion of piping, especially when steam is used as the heating  medium. Each panel has sufficient number if inlet and outlet nozzles to allow correct inlets and outlets related to the fluid type and  channel design (if any). All kind of heat/cooling transfer medium may be used and these include steam, water, thermal oil, brine or refrigerant, liquid nitrogen  etc. depending upon the appropriate panel shape, cross section and design pressure.  The clamp on panels are suitable for maintaining the temperature of the products inside tanks or vessels and the clamp on panels can also  reach modest level of heating and cooling due to the low heat transfer coefficient (including the thermo cement).